> Complete documentation index: [llms.txt](/llms.txt). Markdown versions of all pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs.

# Binho Nova: Protocols

> The buses the Binho Nova supports (I2C, SPI, UART, 1-Wire, Single-Wire and GPIO), their limits, and where each is documented.

The Nova works with one protocol at a time, at 3.3 V logic. It has 5 signal pins. While a bus uses some of them, the others keep their other functions, for example as chip selects or interrupts.

| Protocol | Role | Limit | ASCII command reference | Mission Control 2 |
| -------- | ---- | ----- | ----------------------- | ----------------- |
| I2C | Controller | Up to 3.4 MHz | [I2C Commands](/hardware/nova/ascii-command-set/i2c-commands/) | [I2C](/software/legacy/mission-control-2/communication-protocols/i2c/) |
| SPI | Controller | Up to 12 MHz | [SPI Commands](/hardware/nova/ascii-command-set/spi-commands/) | [SPI](/software/legacy/mission-control-2/communication-protocols/spi/) |
| UART | | Up to 1,000,000 baud | [UART Commands](/hardware/nova/ascii-command-set/uart-commands/) | [UART](/software/legacy/mission-control-2/communication-protocols/uart/) |
| 1-Wire | Dallas 1-Wire | | [1-Wire Commands](/hardware/nova/ascii-command-set/1-wire-commands/) | [1-Wire](/software/legacy/mission-control-2/communication-protocols/1-wire/) |
| Single-Wire | Atmel Single-Wire Interface (SWI) | | [SWI Commands](/hardware/nova/ascii-command-set/swi-commands/) | |
| GPIO | Input, output, PWM output, interrupt (rising, falling or both edges) | 5 pins, shared with the bus pins | [IO Commands](/hardware/nova/ascii-command-set/io-commands/) | [GPIO](/software/legacy/mission-control-2/communication-protocols/gpio/) |
| Analog | 5 ADC inputs, 1 DAC output | Not calibrated | [IO Commands](/hardware/nova/ascii-command-set/io-commands/) | |

The Nova has no I3C, RS-485 or CAN-FD. For those, see the [Protocols and Interfaces](/hardware/protocol-support/) comparison, and the [Supernova](/hardware/supernova/) or the [Pulsar](/hardware/pulsar/).

## How to drive it

* **Without code:** [Mission Control 2](/software/legacy/mission-control-2/).
* **From Python:** the [Nova SDK](/software/legacy/nova-sdk/), `pip install binho`.
* **From a serial terminal:** the Nova's native protocol is the human-readable [ASCII Command Set](/hardware/nova/ascii-command-set/). Any terminal program can drive the Nova, with no code.

## ADC and DAC

The Nova's ADC and DAC are not calibrated. Use the ADC for roughly DC voltages, not as an oscilloscope or a precision meter, and the DAC as a near-DC test stimulus. See [Is the ADC calibrated?](/support/faq/is-the-adc-calibrated/) and [Is the DAC calibrated?](/support/faq/is-the-dac-calibrated/).